<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
		>
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: Mechanical computer uses matchboxes and beans to learn&#160;Tic-Tac-Toe</title>
	<atom:link href="http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html</link>
	<description>Brain candy for Happy Mutants</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 04:57:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.4.1</generator>
	<item>
		<title>By: k012957</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625414</link>
		<dc:creator>k012957</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625414</guid>
		<description>I remember making one of these while in Jr. High school in the late sixties. Only I remember it being a four-by-four grid with pawns. Unfortunately, I don&#039;t remember what magazine it was in.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I remember making one of these while in Jr. High school in the late sixties. Only I remember it being a four-by-four grid with pawns. Unfortunately, I don&#8217;t remember what magazine it was in.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: SamSam</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625419</link>
		<dc:creator>SamSam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625419</guid>
		<description>I remember this being applied to a different game, and it may also have been the one that k012957 referred to. Actually, over the years I&#039;ve kept remembering it and wishing I could recall how the game was played.

Basically, the game was a simpler version of tic tac toe, so one didn&#039;t need to make 304 different match boxes in order to make a learning machine. Instead it was a project that probably only required 20-30 matchboxes, making it much simpler for an after-school group or kid on a rainy day to make and learn about.

If anyone can recall the simpler version of the game, I&#039;d love to hear it. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I remember this being applied to a different game, and it may also have been the one that k012957 referred to. Actually, over the years I&#8217;ve kept remembering it and wishing I could recall how the game was played.</p>
<p>Basically, the game was a simpler version of tic tac toe, so one didn&#8217;t need to make 304 different match boxes in order to make a learning machine. Instead it was a project that probably only required 20-30 matchboxes, making it much simpler for an after-school group or kid on a rainy day to make and learn about.</p>
<p>If anyone can recall the simpler version of the game, I&#8217;d love to hear it. </p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-915467</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-915467</guid>
		<description>&quot;there are actually 19,683 possible board layouts&quot;
Wrong. 19,683 is 3^9, but it includes impossible things like:
XXX
XXX
OOO
and so on
And MENACE will fail at the very beginning in case of  correct moves folowed by the wrong ones: correct beads will be removed as well as wrong beads, so where will no possibility to make correct move (correct beads absent) in the future</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;there are actually 19,683 possible board layouts&#8221;<br />
Wrong. 19,683 is 3^9, but it includes impossible things like:<br />
XXX<br />
XXX<br />
OOO<br />
and so on<br />
And MENACE will fail at the very beginning in case of  correct moves folowed by the wrong ones: correct beads will be removed as well as wrong beads, so where will no possibility to make correct move (correct beads absent) in the future</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: SamSam</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625429</link>
		<dc:creator>SamSam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625429</guid>
		<description>Um, I don&#039;t think it&#039;s supposed to be that surprising to you. More that it&#039;s surprising to kids that a bunch of matchboxes might be able to &quot;learn&quot; a game.

It also teaches the basics of machine learning, the idea that &quot;memory&quot; might be implemented using beans, and even a rudimentary idea of an evolutionary algorithm (the original set with all the beans represents a large genetic pool; the fitness is the ability to win the game; and the system evolves to find the perfect solution).

Also, it&#039;s like a mechanical computer. A difference engine. What&#039;s not to like?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Um, I don&#8217;t think it&#8217;s supposed to be that surprising to you. More that it&#8217;s surprising to kids that a bunch of matchboxes might be able to &#8220;learn&#8221; a game.</p>
<p>It also teaches the basics of machine learning, the idea that &#8220;memory&#8221; might be implemented using beans, and even a rudimentary idea of an evolutionary algorithm (the original set with all the beans represents a large genetic pool; the fitness is the ability to win the game; and the system evolves to find the perfect solution).</p>
<p>Also, it&#8217;s like a mechanical computer. A difference engine. What&#8217;s not to like?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625449</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625449</guid>
		<description>I am very grateful to whoever posted this... 

My scholarship is personal and self directed and I sometimes take a long time to discover what I&#039;m looking for. I have imagined but failed to produce something quite like this for years...

why bother? because this method is extensible. If that doesn&#039;t tickle your brain then take up gardening or something, because the promise(threat?) of machine learning speaks for itself to me. This example is of unusual explicative quality because many people can puzzle out the strategy of TTT, connecting to a ruleset which needs no teaching.

I&#039;m still hoping to actually get a peek at one of these old paper computers I sometimes hear of as well. 

It all seems anchored around the experience of reading Magister Ludi while I was out to sea once...
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am very grateful to whoever posted this&#8230; </p>
<p>My scholarship is personal and self directed and I sometimes take a long time to discover what I&#8217;m looking for. I have imagined but failed to produce something quite like this for years&#8230;</p>
<p>why bother? because this method is extensible. If that doesn&#8217;t tickle your brain then take up gardening or something, because the promise(threat?) of machine learning speaks for itself to me. This example is of unusual explicative quality because many people can puzzle out the strategy of TTT, connecting to a ruleset which needs no teaching.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m still hoping to actually get a peek at one of these old paper computers I sometimes hear of as well. </p>
<p>It all seems anchored around the experience of reading Magister Ludi while I was out to sea once&#8230;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625516</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625516</guid>
		<description>The Fred Saberhagen story mention is WIthout A Thought also published under the alternate title Fortress Ship. The story appeared in a number of publications including the collection BERSERKER and in the  Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction eBook.

Joan Saberhagen</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Fred Saberhagen story mention is WIthout A Thought also published under the alternate title Fortress Ship. The story appeared in a number of publications including the collection BERSERKER and in the  Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction eBook.</p>
<p>Joan Saberhagen</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-626050</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-626050</guid>
		<description>And to go back even farther, Martin Gardiner first wrote about this in Scientific American during March â€™62.

http://www.davincigames.it/giocarea_eng/10/profondita.htm</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>And to go back even farther, Martin Gardiner first wrote about this in Scientific American during March â€™62.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.davincigames.it/giocarea_eng/10/profondita.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.davincigames.it/giocarea_eng/10/profondita.htm</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-627080</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-627080</guid>
		<description>I remember something similar called Socrates and Mr. Hound, involving a deck of cards where each suit was a cardinal directional move for Socrates the fox, and Mr. Hound plodded along a square track near the edge of the board.  Whenever Mr. Hound caught Socrates, the last n cards would be removed and reshuffed.  Eventually, Socrates would learn to outwit Mr. Hound.  I built it out of Lego in the early 1970&#039;s.

Anybody remember what book this was from?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I remember something similar called Socrates and Mr. Hound, involving a deck of cards where each suit was a cardinal directional move for Socrates the fox, and Mr. Hound plodded along a square track near the edge of the board.  Whenever Mr. Hound caught Socrates, the last n cards would be removed and reshuffed.  Eventually, Socrates would learn to outwit Mr. Hound.  I built it out of Lego in the early 1970&#8242;s.</p>
<p>Anybody remember what book this was from?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: krs</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625558</link>
		<dc:creator>krs</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625558</guid>
		<description>I built something this when I was in elementary school around 1972. The school library had a copy of the book &lt;i&gt;We Built Our Own Computers&lt;/i&gt;. Their matchbox computer used glass beads to play a game of Hexapawn. I don&#039;t remember much else about the book, except for the drum memory made from an oatmeal carton and metallic tape.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I built something this when I was in elementary school around 1972. The school library had a copy of the book <i>We Built Our Own Computers</i>. Their matchbox computer used glass beads to play a game of Hexapawn. I don&#8217;t remember much else about the book, except for the drum memory made from an oatmeal carton and metallic tape.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625559</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625559</guid>
		<description>I have implemented exactly this concept using Java. I&#039;ve had this program for years on my website. I called it Elephant Tic Tac Toe. Check it out.

http://www.mqasem.net/cool_stuff/ETicTacToe/TicTacToe.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have implemented exactly this concept using Java. I&#8217;ve had this program for years on my website. I called it Elephant Tic Tac Toe. Check it out.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.mqasem.net/cool_stuff/ETicTacToe/TicTacToe.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.mqasem.net/cool_stuff/ETicTacToe/TicTacToe.html</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Omir the Storyteller</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625587</link>
		<dc:creator>Omir the Storyteller</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625587</guid>
		<description>Martin Gardner described a similar &quot;computer&quot; that learned a game called &quot;Hexapawn.&quot; There&#039;s a Wikipedia article on Hexapawn, but it doesn&#039;t mention the matchbox computer that he described in conjunction with the game.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Martin Gardner described a similar &#8220;computer&#8221; that learned a game called &#8220;Hexapawn.&#8221; There&#8217;s a Wikipedia article on Hexapawn, but it doesn&#8217;t mention the matchbox computer that he described in conjunction with the game.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: SamSam</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625591</link>
		<dc:creator>SamSam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625591</guid>
		<description>Thanks guys. I think Hexapawn is definitely the game that I first saw discussed in this context.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks guys. I think Hexapawn is definitely the game that I first saw discussed in this context.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Klaus Ã†. Mogensen</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625350</link>
		<dc:creator>Klaus Ã†. Mogensen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625350</guid>
		<description>IIRC, that&#039;s the method used in Fred Saberhagen&#039;s first Berserker Story &quot;&quot;Without a Thought&quot; (a.t. &quot;Fortress Ship&quot;) from 1963.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>IIRC, that&#8217;s the method used in Fred Saberhagen&#8217;s first Berserker Story &#8220;&#8221;Without a Thought&#8221; (a.t. &#8220;Fortress Ship&#8221;) from 1963.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Church</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625352</link>
		<dc:creator>Church</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625352</guid>
		<description>Wasn&#039;t this method used in one of Saberhagen&#039;s Berserker stories? IIRC, it was used to teach a sort of alien monkey the rules of a game so that it could defeat a Berserker (the plot points that made this a necessity escape me.) </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wasn&#8217;t this method used in one of Saberhagen&#8217;s Berserker stories? IIRC, it was used to teach a sort of alien monkey the rules of a game so that it could defeat a Berserker (the plot points that made this a necessity escape me.) </p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Felix Mitchell</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625360</link>
		<dc:creator>Felix Mitchell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625360</guid>
		<description>Eventually each box will only contain one type of bean, which will represent perfect play.

So this approach only works for games where a perfect strategy exists... and surely Go is not one of those? My mind boggles at how many matchboxes you&#039;d need for Go.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Eventually each box will only contain one type of bean, which will represent perfect play.</p>
<p>So this approach only works for games where a perfect strategy exists&#8230; and surely Go is not one of those? My mind boggles at how many matchboxes you&#8217;d need for Go.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Tynam</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625381</link>
		<dc:creator>Tynam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625381</guid>
		<description>@Felix: Actually, Go &lt;i&gt;is&lt;/i&gt; one of those.

Formally: Go is a zero-sum finite perfect 
information game; all such games have an equilibrium point in pure strategies.

Skipping the game theory jargon: Go has a perfect strategy, and in principle it&#039;s findable by MEGoE, the Matchbox Educable Go Engine.  Of course, Go is very deep and would require &lt;i&gt;very many&lt;/i&gt; matchboxes.  So we have no idea what the winning strategy is.  But there is one.  Either Black can always win, or White can, or both players can guarantee a draw.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@Felix: Actually, Go <i>is</i> one of those.</p>
<p>Formally: Go is a zero-sum finite perfect<br />
information game; all such games have an equilibrium point in pure strategies.</p>
<p>Skipping the game theory jargon: Go has a perfect strategy, and in principle it&#8217;s findable by MEGoE, the Matchbox Educable Go Engine.  Of course, Go is very deep and would require <i>very many</i> matchboxes.  So we have no idea what the winning strategy is.  But there is one.  Either Black can always win, or White can, or both players can guarantee a draw.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Jon Adair</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-626405</link>
		<dc:creator>Jon Adair</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-626405</guid>
		<description>It&#039;s also referenced in &quot;The Adolescence of P-1&quot;, an early sci-fi book about a sentient computer virus.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adolescence_of_P-1</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s also referenced in &#8220;The Adolescence of P-1&#8243;, an early sci-fi book about a sentient computer virus.</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adolescence_of_P-1" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adolescence_of_P-1</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: andygates</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625896</link>
		<dc:creator>andygates</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625896</guid>
		<description>MENACE is very, very sneaky.  Nice work!

(Makes me want to build Lego logic gates...)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>MENACE is very, very sneaky.  Nice work!</p>
<p>(Makes me want to build Lego logic gates&#8230;)</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Felix Mitchell</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625387</link>
		<dc:creator>Felix Mitchell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625387</guid>
		<description>Tynam:

I&#039;m guessing you&#039;d need a shit ton of beans too - since each matchbox must contain enough beans for each subsequent path to be tried once.

The first matchbox would need as many beans as there are games of Go.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tynam:</p>
<p>I&#8217;m guessing you&#8217;d need a shit ton of beans too &#8211; since each matchbox must contain enough beans for each subsequent path to be tried once.</p>
<p>The first matchbox would need as many beans as there are games of Go.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: chazlarson</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625390</link>
		<dc:creator>chazlarson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625390</guid>
		<description>I made one of these for the elementary school Math Night a couple years ago.  The kids had fun with it.  Virtually no one believed that a bunch of matchboxes would learn in short order to be unbeatable, but it was fun to watch it happen as the kids took turns playing games against it.

I learned about it from a Martin Gardner book.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I made one of these for the elementary school Math Night a couple years ago.  The kids had fun with it.  Virtually no one believed that a bunch of matchboxes would learn in short order to be unbeatable, but it was fun to watch it happen as the kids took turns playing games against it.</p>
<p>I learned about it from a Martin Gardner book.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: MattF</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625393</link>
		<dc:creator>MattF</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625393</guid>
		<description>I guess I&#039;ll be Mr. Wet Blanket here. What&#039;s the big deal? Given that tic-tac-toe is &lt;i&gt;very&lt;/i&gt; finite, any plausible strategy with a memory will eventually figure it out-- and in less than one human lifetime. In fact, this particular strategy looks to me to be a good candidate for &#039;least optimal method that will always work in a finite period of time&#039;. Am I missing something?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I guess I&#8217;ll be Mr. Wet Blanket here. What&#8217;s the big deal? Given that tic-tac-toe is <i>very</i> finite, any plausible strategy with a memory will eventually figure it out&#8211; and in less than one human lifetime. In fact, this particular strategy looks to me to be a good candidate for &#8216;least optimal method that will always work in a finite period of time&#8217;. Am I missing something?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: octopod</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2009/11/02/mechanical-computer.html#comment-625405</link>
		<dc:creator>octopod</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">#comment-625405</guid>
		<description>a hill of beans indeed. number of boxes would be ~10^170 vs number of atoms in the universe 10^81</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>a hill of beans indeed. number of boxes would be ~10^170 vs number of atoms in the universe 10^81</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>
