HOWTO Read science-fiction

On Tor.com, Jo Walton's stupendous essay on reading science fiction — one of those moments where someone says something that seems to perfectly crystallize something you've been trying to explain for years without much success:

A reviewer wanted to make the zombies in Kelly Link's "Zombie Contingency Plans" (in the collection Magic For Beginners) into metaphors. They're not. They're actual zombies. They may also be metaphors, but their metaphorical function is secondary to the fact that they're actual zombies that want to eat your brains. Science fiction may be literalization of metaphor, it may be open to metaphorical, symbolic and even allegorical readings, but what's real within the story is real within the story, or there's no there there. I had this problem with one of the translators of my novel Tooth and Claw–he kept emailing me asking what things represented. I had to keep saying no, the characters really were dragons, and if they represented anything that was secondary to the reality of their dragon nature. He kept on and on, and I kept being polite but in the end I bit his head off–metaphorically, of course…

People have been writing science fiction for more than a century, and we've had more than eighty years of people writing science fiction and knowing what they were doing. The techniques of writing and reading it have developed in that time. Old things sometimes look very clunky, as if they're inventing the wheel–because they are. Modern SF assumes. It doesn't say "The red sun is high, the blue low because it was a binary system." So there's a double problem. People who read SF sometimes write SF that doesn't have enough surface to skitter over. Someone who doesn't have the skillset can't learn the skillset by reading it. And conversely, people who don't read SF and write it write horribly old fashioned clunky re-inventing the wheel stuff, because they don't know what needs explanation. They explain both too much and not enough, and end up with something that's just teeth-grindingly annoying for an SF reader to read.

SF reading protocols