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	<title>Comments on: Meritocracies become&#160;oligarchies</title>
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	<description>Brain candy for Happy Mutants</description>
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		<title>By: Daniel Earwicker</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1450163</link>
		<dc:creator>Daniel Earwicker</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jun 2012 07:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1450163</guid>
		<description>But perfectly equal outcomes and opportunities are both inconceivable, so I for one am pretty tired of hearing it repeated! Two people can&#039;t be in exactly the same place, therefore one of them must be closer to some opportunity than the other. Obviously perfection is unattainable, but nor is it necessary.

The real moral questions include: what is a tolerable level of inequality? To what extent can we calculate who deserves what?

And the real practical questions include: what is an achievable level of equality? How do we know when it is achieved? And do people really care about it? 

Inequality only becomes a hot issue when the economy shrinks. When the economy is growing, inequality falls in importance for most people. It&#039;s striking that the outcry over the &quot;1%&quot; (why not the 5%?) occured right after a significant fall in the share of wealth owned by the top 1%.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But perfectly equal outcomes and opportunities are both inconceivable, so I for one am pretty tired of hearing it repeated! Two people can&#8217;t be in exactly the same place, therefore one of them must be closer to some opportunity than the other. Obviously perfection is unattainable, but nor is it necessary.</p>
<p>The real moral questions include: what is a tolerable level of inequality? To what extent can we calculate who deserves what?</p>
<p>And the real practical questions include: what is an achievable level of equality? How do we know when it is achieved? And do people really care about it? </p>
<p>Inequality only becomes a hot issue when the economy shrinks. When the economy is growing, inequality falls in importance for most people. It&#8217;s striking that the outcry over the &#8220;1%&#8221; (why not the 5%?) occured right after a significant fall in the share of wealth owned by the top 1%.</p>
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		<title>By: Mantissa128</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1450054</link>
		<dc:creator>Mantissa128</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jun 2012 01:43:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Nicely done, sir. I do get my &#039;occupy&#039; back up sometimes, I must admit - my apologies. I hope the femen made up for it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nicely done, sir. I do get my &#8216;occupy&#8217; back up sometimes, I must admit &#8211; my apologies. I hope the femen made up for it.</p>
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		<title>By: Red Pill Junkie</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449921</link>
		<dc:creator>Red Pill Junkie</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 23:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449921</guid>
		<description>There&#039;s also the problem, maybe overlooked in industrialized nations, that undernourishment during the 1st years of development has a lasting effect in a person&#039;s educational progress, thus contributing to the lack of mobility in social classes.

The brain needs to be properly fed in more than one way.  </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There&#8217;s also the problem, maybe overlooked in industrialized nations, that undernourishment during the 1st years of development has a lasting effect in a person&#8217;s educational progress, thus contributing to the lack of mobility in social classes.</p>
<p>The brain needs to be properly fed in more than one way.  </p>
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		<title>By: Mark Gisleson</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449816</link>
		<dc:creator>Mark Gisleson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 21:57:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449816</guid>
		<description> I hope you realize that hardly any Americans are rich by American standards. That&#039;s why they call us the 99%!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> I hope you realize that hardly any Americans are rich by American standards. That&#8217;s why they call us the 99%!</p>
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		<title>By: EH</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449720</link>
		<dc:creator>EH</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 20:43:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449720</guid>
		<description>PROTIP: If you have to say &quot;it&#039;s pretty self-explanatory,&quot; it isn&#039;t.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>PROTIP: If you have to say &#8220;it&#8217;s pretty self-explanatory,&#8221; it isn&#8217;t.</p>
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		<title>By: yoshua</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449601</link>
		<dc:creator>yoshua</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 19:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449601</guid>
		<description>Tell that to the Harlem Globetrotters.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tell that to the Harlem Globetrotters.</p>
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		<title>By: davidasposted</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449505</link>
		<dc:creator>davidasposted</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 17:43:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449505</guid>
		<description> Glad to see that David Brooks is still living up to his execrable reputation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> Glad to see that David Brooks is still living up to his execrable reputation.</p>
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		<title>By: davidasposted</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449449</link>
		<dc:creator>davidasposted</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 16:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449449</guid>
		<description> The problem is that their complacency/tolerance level is so damned high.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> The problem is that their complacency/tolerance level is so damned high.</p>
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		<title>By: alan woodward</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449413</link>
		<dc:creator>alan woodward</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 16:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449413</guid>
		<description>George Monbiot (UK Guardian) has links to 2 research studies which undermine the superiority of elites.

1. Evidence of Psychopathic profiles in CEOs, etc

&quot;In a study published by the journal Psychology, Crime and Law, Belinda Board and Katarina Fritzon tested 39 senior managers and chief executives from leading British businesses. They compared the results to the same tests on patients at Broadmoor special hospital, where people who have been convicted of serious crimes are incarcerated. On certain indicators of psychopathy, the bosses&#039;s scores either matched or exceeded those of the patients. In fact, on these criteria, they beat even the subset of patients who had been diagnosed with psychopathic personality disorders&quot;.

2. Evidence of zero skills in financial high-fliers

The findings of the psychologist Daniel Kahneman, winner of a Nobel economics prize, are devastating to the beliefs that financial high-fliers entertain about themselves. He discovered that their apparent success is a cognitive illusion. For example, he studied the results achieved by 25 wealth advisers across eight years. He found that the consistency of their performance was zero. &quot;The results resembled what you would expect from a dice-rolling contest, not a game of skill.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George Monbiot (UK Guardian) has links to 2 research studies which undermine the superiority of elites.</p>
<p>1. Evidence of Psychopathic profiles in CEOs, etc</p>
<p>&#8220;In a study published by the journal Psychology, Crime and Law, Belinda Board and Katarina Fritzon tested 39 senior managers and chief executives from leading British businesses. They compared the results to the same tests on patients at Broadmoor special hospital, where people who have been convicted of serious crimes are incarcerated. On certain indicators of psychopathy, the bosses&#8217;s scores either matched or exceeded those of the patients. In fact, on these criteria, they beat even the subset of patients who had been diagnosed with psychopathic personality disorders&#8221;.</p>
<p>2. Evidence of zero skills in financial high-fliers</p>
<p>The findings of the psychologist Daniel Kahneman, winner of a Nobel economics prize, are devastating to the beliefs that financial high-fliers entertain about themselves. He discovered that their apparent success is a cognitive illusion. For example, he studied the results achieved by 25 wealth advisers across eight years. He found that the consistency of their performance was zero. &#8220;The results resembled what you would expect from a dice-rolling contest, not a game of skill.</p>
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		<title>By: Ito Kagehisa</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449385</link>
		<dc:creator>Ito Kagehisa</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 15:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449385</guid>
		<description>I certainly do object to psychopaths directing national policy, especially foreign policy.  I gather you don&#039;t?

I have never worked on Wall Street, although I did a consultant gig at age 16 for a stockbroker who wanted some dodgy reverse-engineering that was still legal back then, when dinosaurs roamed the earth.  I have never worked in politics, except as a voting official for the Republican party during the last presidential election (I donated the paycheck to Planned Parenthood).  I do make truly absurd amounts of money, mostly by answering questions.  Mrs. Kagehisa donates much of it to environmental and social causes, and while I have no debt other than a mortgage, I am not at all rich by US standards.

I enjoyed the video, thanks!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I certainly do object to psychopaths directing national policy, especially foreign policy.  I gather you don&#8217;t?</p>
<p>I have never worked on Wall Street, although I did a consultant gig at age 16 for a stockbroker who wanted some dodgy reverse-engineering that was still legal back then, when dinosaurs roamed the earth.  I have never worked in politics, except as a voting official for the Republican party during the last presidential election (I donated the paycheck to Planned Parenthood).  I do make truly absurd amounts of money, mostly by answering questions.  Mrs. Kagehisa donates much of it to environmental and social causes, and while I have no debt other than a mortgage, I am not at all rich by US standards.</p>
<p>I enjoyed the video, thanks!</p>
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		<title>By: Ito Kagehisa</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449367</link>
		<dc:creator>Ito Kagehisa</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 14:43:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449367</guid>
		<description>It seemed to me that the article implicitly contained the idea that an institution&#039;s decreasing non-white population was due to some inherent inability of non-whites to work the system.  Year one, you have all these people considered ultra-bright, of all races, year twenty, the ultra-bright whites have excluded the children of the ultra-bright non-whites.  Do you see it?  Perhaps I read too much between the lines.  I have had to deal with unselfconscious racism in the past and I am sensitive to certain phrasings and narrative arcs, which to me tend to indicate an unthinking acceptance of genetic privilege.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It seemed to me that the article implicitly contained the idea that an institution&#8217;s decreasing non-white population was due to some inherent inability of non-whites to work the system.  Year one, you have all these people considered ultra-bright, of all races, year twenty, the ultra-bright whites have excluded the children of the ultra-bright non-whites.  Do you see it?  Perhaps I read too much between the lines.  I have had to deal with unselfconscious racism in the past and I am sensitive to certain phrasings and narrative arcs, which to me tend to indicate an unthinking acceptance of genetic privilege.</p>
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		<title>By: Layne</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449345</link>
		<dc:creator>Layne</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 14:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449345</guid>
		<description>Interesting point. Reminded me of the execrable  piece by David Brooks the other day, saying that what we really need in this nation is to learn how to be better followers to our great leaders. 

It&#039;s amazing how quick some people are to forsake common sense, independence and skepticism as long as their team is calling the shots. What an awful, loathsome  opinion by someone so commonly referred to as an &#039;expert&#039;. It had more in common with an official party release from North Korea than a page in a leading part of the free press.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting point. Reminded me of the execrable  piece by David Brooks the other day, saying that what we really need in this nation is to learn how to be better followers to our great leaders. </p>
<p>It&#8217;s amazing how quick some people are to forsake common sense, independence and skepticism as long as their team is calling the shots. What an awful, loathsome  opinion by someone so commonly referred to as an &#8216;expert&#8217;. It had more in common with an official party release from North Korea than a page in a leading part of the free press.</p>
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		<title>By: Layne</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449344</link>
		<dc:creator>Layne</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 14:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449344</guid>
		<description>Exactly. I&#039;m not sure why this is treated as such a revelation by Cory. Instead it&#039;s a rather obvious point that exists in ANY power structure, rather than just solely in a capitalistic society. 
The same conclusions could be reached by examining the corruption and cronyism in China&#039;s ruling class, or the leap-frog that is Russian rule these days. Power inherently corrupts. But with a free market, it&#039;s supposed to be left to it&#039;s own designs to fail or succeed without constant federal handouts or unfair supportive legislation. 

The fact that our govt INSISTS on being so involved in every facet of life makes it a lot more difficult to tear ourselves free from the influence of the  corrupt, incompetent dullards who think it&#039;s their place to police everything. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Exactly. I&#8217;m not sure why this is treated as such a revelation by Cory. Instead it&#8217;s a rather obvious point that exists in ANY power structure, rather than just solely in a capitalistic society. <br />
The same conclusions could be reached by examining the corruption and cronyism in China&#8217;s ruling class, or the leap-frog that is Russian rule these days. Power inherently corrupts. But with a free market, it&#8217;s supposed to be left to it&#8217;s own designs to fail or succeed without constant federal handouts or unfair supportive legislation. </p>
<p>The fact that our govt INSISTS on being so involved in every facet of life makes it a lot more difficult to tear ourselves free from the influence of the  corrupt, incompetent dullards who think it&#8217;s their place to police everything. </p>
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		<title>By: Matt Drew</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449320</link>
		<dc:creator>Matt Drew</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 13:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449320</guid>
		<description>I think Hayes misses the essential core of the problem. The issue is not selection by merit leading to the solidification of an elite; rather, it is the societal assumption that the elite are somehow anointed with the power necessary to accomplish that solidification.

Consider this quote from Michel: &quot;For any kind of institution with a democratic base to consolidate the legitimacy it needs to exist, it must have an organization that delegates tasks ... The leaders now control the tools with which to manipulate the opinion of the masses and subvert the organization’s democratic process.&quot;

From this, Hayes deduces that we are doomed to oligarchy. Of course, he&#039;s making a pretty big assumption in his premises: should such organizations be considered legitimate? What establishes their legitimacy other than the brute force of a majority? What I would deduce from that quote is that the problem is actually the societal establishment and acceptance of the &quot;tools&quot; of oligarchical protection. As has been demonstrated time and time again, the oligarchy rules only at the pleasure of the masses. If the society does not accept the legitimacy of the coercive tools necessary for the oligarchy to maintain power, the society would not face the problem he describes.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think Hayes misses the essential core of the problem. The issue is not selection by merit leading to the solidification of an elite; rather, it is the societal assumption that the elite are somehow anointed with the power necessary to accomplish that solidification.</p>
<p>Consider this quote from Michel: &#8220;For any kind of institution with a democratic base to consolidate the legitimacy it needs to exist, it must have an organization that delegates tasks &#8230; The leaders now control the tools with which to manipulate the opinion of the masses and subvert the organization’s democratic process.&#8221;</p>
<p>From this, Hayes deduces that we are doomed to oligarchy. Of course, he&#8217;s making a pretty big assumption in his premises: should such organizations be considered legitimate? What establishes their legitimacy other than the brute force of a majority? What I would deduce from that quote is that the problem is actually the societal establishment and acceptance of the &#8220;tools&#8221; of oligarchical protection. As has been demonstrated time and time again, the oligarchy rules only at the pleasure of the masses. If the society does not accept the legitimacy of the coercive tools necessary for the oligarchy to maintain power, the society would not face the problem he describes.</p>
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		<title>By: John Ohno</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449315</link>
		<dc:creator>John Ohno</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 12:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449315</guid>
		<description>Alternately, there&#039;s the idea of a money tax (sort of an inverse income tax: money degrades in value the less it&#039;s used) to discourage hoarding by already wealthy people.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Alternately, there&#8217;s the idea of a money tax (sort of an inverse income tax: money degrades in value the less it&#8217;s used) to discourage hoarding by already wealthy people.</p>
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		<title>By: atimoshenko</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449263</link>
		<dc:creator>atimoshenko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 09:36:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449263</guid>
		<description>I really don&#039;t think it&#039;s a teaching matter. It is really difficult to get people to sacrifice &quot;time free for the pursuing of their interests&quot; for anything other than &quot;increases in capabilities for the pursuing of their interests&quot;. You can offer up some interests to be pursued directly (transforming &#039;work&#039; into &#039;hobby&#039;), and you can provide some non-monetary capability increases (e.g. &#039;respect&#039; or &#039;acclaim&#039;), but both are quite difficult to scale and guarantee consistency.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I really don&#8217;t think it&#8217;s a teaching matter. It is really difficult to get people to sacrifice &#8220;time free for the pursuing of their interests&#8221; for anything other than &#8220;increases in capabilities for the pursuing of their interests&#8221;. You can offer up some interests to be pursued directly (transforming &#8216;work&#8217; into &#8216;hobby&#8217;), and you can provide some non-monetary capability increases (e.g. &#8216;respect&#8217; or &#8216;acclaim&#8217;), but both are quite difficult to scale and guarantee consistency.</p>
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		<title>By: HahTse</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449236</link>
		<dc:creator>HahTse</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 08:13:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449236</guid>
		<description> Just look at Greece, now. Imho it&#039;s only a matter of time till a mob forms and starts burning the corrupt high-class.

And that&#039;s a lesson to take home: People aren&#039;t stupid. They are often complacent, but if you cheat on them to much, they will come and do nasty things to you.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> Just look at Greece, now. Imho it&#8217;s only a matter of time till a mob forms and starts burning the corrupt high-class.</p>
<p>And that&#8217;s a lesson to take home: People aren&#8217;t stupid. They are often complacent, but if you cheat on them to much, they will come and do nasty things to you.</p>
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		<title>By: humanresource</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449223</link>
		<dc:creator>humanresource</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 07:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449223</guid>
		<description>Meritocracy leads to oligarchy, which is why healthy doses of anarchy will be necessary from time to time, in order to level the playing field and give meritocracy a chance to flourish once more.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Meritocracy leads to oligarchy, which is why healthy doses of anarchy will be necessary from time to time, in order to level the playing field and give meritocracy a chance to flourish once more.</p>
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		<title>By: Shinkuhadoken</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449214</link>
		<dc:creator>Shinkuhadoken</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 06:46:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449214</guid>
		<description>I think the bit on Robert Michels depresses me more than the point being made on meritocracy.
&lt;blockquote&gt;Michels’s grim conclusion was that it was impossible for &lt;i&gt;any&lt;/i&gt; party, no matter its belief system, to bring about democracy in practice. Oligarchy was inevitable.&lt;/blockquote&gt;What hope can there be to escape the clutches of oligarchy if both left &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; right wing political parties are destined to same oligarchical end and that even revolution merely treats the symptom, but never results in a cure?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think the bit on Robert Michels depresses me more than the point being made on meritocracy.</p>
<blockquote><p>Michels’s grim conclusion was that it was impossible for <i>any</i> party, no matter its belief system, to bring about democracy in practice. Oligarchy was inevitable.</p></blockquote>
<p>What hope can there be to escape the clutches of oligarchy if both left <i>and</i> right wing political parties are destined to same oligarchical end and that even revolution merely treats the symptom, but never results in a cure?</p>
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		<title>By: GeorgeMokray</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449176</link>
		<dc:creator>GeorgeMokray</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 04:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449176</guid>
		<description>Been reading Laurence J Peter, author of the Peter Principle which states that in a hierarchy people tend to rise to their level of incompetence.  Seems that Chris Hayes&#039; is approaching the same idea from a different direction.  Peter hoped to found the discipline of hierarchiology but it doesn&#039;t seem to have occurred.

Peter formally studied and taught education and his work was based upon systems thinking. Reading _The Peter Plan_ now, published in 1975 projecting a society in 1990 that has learned to live within ecological limits.  Heartbreaking to see how much farther away we are from such goals today.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Been reading Laurence J Peter, author of the Peter Principle which states that in a hierarchy people tend to rise to their level of incompetence.  Seems that Chris Hayes&#8217; is approaching the same idea from a different direction.  Peter hoped to found the discipline of hierarchiology but it doesn&#8217;t seem to have occurred.</p>
<p>Peter formally studied and taught education and his work was based upon systems thinking. Reading _The Peter Plan_ now, published in 1975 projecting a society in 1990 that has learned to live within ecological limits.  Heartbreaking to see how much farther away we are from such goals today.</p>
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		<title>By: chenille</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449166</link>
		<dc:creator>chenille</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 03:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449166</guid>
		<description>The trick is that the past was not the same for everyone. You can be sure some types of people were always afforded much more mobility than others.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The trick is that the past was not the same for everyone. You can be sure some types of people were always afforded much more mobility than others.</p>
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		<title>By: Preston McDonald</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449160</link>
		<dc:creator>Preston McDonald</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 03:33:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449160</guid>
		<description> It tells you my position.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> It tells you my position.</p>
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		<title>By: Daemonworks</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449124</link>
		<dc:creator>Daemonworks</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 02:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449124</guid>
		<description>Mind you, there aren&#039;t any very few - if any - actual meritocracies in the first place.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mind you, there aren&#8217;t any very few &#8211; if any &#8211; actual meritocracies in the first place.</p>
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		<title>By: PaulDavisTheFirst</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449099</link>
		<dc:creator>PaulDavisTheFirst</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 01:46:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449099</guid>
		<description>re: history etc. ...kevin kelly, that irritating savant, once said &quot;change changes change&quot;. at this point i think its a toss up on whether or not the rich and powerful in western cultures have learned enough from history that things will go differently than in the past, or whether it goes down pretty much the way it has done before - some sufficiently strident members of the underclass take their stuff (and maybe their lives), and become the foundation of the new overclass. to be honest, i don&#039;t even know which of these two i&#039;d prefer. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>re: history etc. &#8230;kevin kelly, that irritating savant, once said &#8220;change changes change&#8221;. at this point i think its a toss up on whether or not the rich and powerful in western cultures have learned enough from history that things will go differently than in the past, or whether it goes down pretty much the way it has done before &#8211; some sufficiently strident members of the underclass take their stuff (and maybe their lives), and become the foundation of the new overclass. to be honest, i don&#8217;t even know which of these two i&#8217;d prefer. </p>
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		<title>By: edgore</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449092</link>
		<dc:creator>edgore</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 01:38:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449092</guid>
		<description>Oh, I am mostly kidding. But I do think that that the extremely entitled do tend to forget how large wealth inequalities have historically been handled....</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Oh, I am mostly kidding. But I do think that that the extremely entitled do tend to forget how large wealth inequalities have historically been handled&#8230;.</p>
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		<title>By: Moriarty</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449082</link>
		<dc:creator>Moriarty</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 01:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449082</guid>
		<description> @google-56ed4cd4252c56302752551fbef04894:disqus 

Which tells me what?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> @google-56ed4cd4252c56302752551fbef04894:disqus </p>
<p>Which tells me what?</p>
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		<title>By: Scurra</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449076</link>
		<dc:creator>Scurra</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 01:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449076</guid>
		<description>This is exactly the same reason why &quot;communism&quot; and &quot;theocracy&quot; also tend towards failure after one generation or so - the idealists who implemented the original system (because they genuinely believed in better) are inevitably replaced by cynics or sociopaths who then pervert things until the society either ends up in war or revolution.   (It&#039;s a rare one that escapes either, and even then it is pretty much never for an idealistic alternative.)  
I suspect that private companies also exhibit much the same problems once they are driven by shareholder profit rather than the founders&#039; idealism. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is exactly the same reason why &#8220;communism&#8221; and &#8220;theocracy&#8221; also tend towards failure after one generation or so &#8211; the idealists who implemented the original system (because they genuinely believed in better) are inevitably replaced by cynics or sociopaths who then pervert things until the society either ends up in war or revolution.   (It&#8217;s a rare one that escapes either, and even then it is pretty much never for an idealistic alternative.)  <br />
I suspect that private companies also exhibit much the same problems once they are driven by shareholder profit rather than the founders&#8217; idealism. </p>
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		<title>By: PaulDavisTheFirst</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449075</link>
		<dc:creator>PaulDavisTheFirst</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 01:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449075</guid>
		<description>re: french post-WWII social democracy ... i think the evidence is that this worked quite well in several places, including the USA. france managed to build a deeper and more robust social security system, but it appears to me that they are facing many of the same issues that hayes meritocracy=&gt;oligarchy pattern implies (as is the UK, though they never really managed the revolution in the first place, so the manifestation is different there). </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>re: french post-WWII social democracy &#8230; i think the evidence is that this worked quite well in several places, including the USA. france managed to build a deeper and more robust social security system, but it appears to me that they are facing many of the same issues that hayes meritocracy=&gt;oligarchy pattern implies (as is the UK, though they never really managed the revolution in the first place, so the manifestation is different there). </p>
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		<title>By: Preston McDonald</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449071</link>
		<dc:creator>Preston McDonald</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 01:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449071</guid>
		<description>It would be more accurate to say that development of a post-war social democracy worked pretty well in France. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It would be more accurate to say that development of a post-war social democracy worked pretty well in France. </p>
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		<title>By: Mantissa128</title>
		<link>http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/meritocracies-become-oligarchi.html#comment-1449065</link>
		<dc:creator>Mantissa128</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jun 2012 00:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://boingboing.net/?p=166103#comment-1449065</guid>
		<description>I read the entire article - let me guess: you didn&#039;t like the bit about &quot;affirmative action for rich white people?&quot;

And you are right, Addington most certainly seems psychopathic by any rational definition. I gather you object to that too.

How much you make, Ito? Work on Wall Street do you, or perhaps a political office? I wonder.

Also, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOaSNa4xVX8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;fuck oligarchy&lt;/a&gt; (NSFW).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I read the entire article &#8211; let me guess: you didn&#8217;t like the bit about &#8220;affirmative action for rich white people?&#8221;</p>
<p>And you are right, Addington most certainly seems psychopathic by any rational definition. I gather you object to that too.</p>
<p>How much you make, Ito? Work on Wall Street do you, or perhaps a political office? I wonder.</p>
<p>Also, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOaSNa4xVX8" rel="nofollow">fuck oligarchy</a> (NSFW).</p>
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