The NYPD's secretive Lower Manhattan Security Coordination Center uses software from IBM in its video analytics system, which allows cops to automatically scan surveillance footage for machine-generated labels that identify clothing and other identifying classifiers.
Recently leaked corporate documents from IBM provide the first real insight into how this system was developed and used.
Since at least 2012 and until at least 2016, IBM's video classification tool has allowed NYPD officers and contractors to use skin color as a classifier for identifying suspects; the training data for this feature came from the NYPD's own footage.
Police officers were reportedly told not to use skin color as a search term.
More recent versions of IBM's tools have "ethnicity" search boxes that allow users to search on terms like "white," "black" and "Asian."
The NYPD is notorious for decades' worth of mass-scale racial profiling scandals, ranging from stop-and-frisk to public executions of black people.
IBM was a key collaborator in the Nazis' campaign of genocide, providing the technological tools that made racial profiling and mass extermination possible.
In an email to The Intercept, the NYPD confirmed that select counterterrorism officials had access to a pre-released version of IBM's program, which included skin tone search capabilities, as early as the summer of 2012. NYPD spokesperson Peter Donald said the search characteristics were only used for evaluation purposes and that officers were instructed not to include the skin tone search feature in their assessment. The department eventually decided not to integrate the analytics program into its larger surveillance architecture, and phased out the IBM program in 2016.
After testing out these bodily search features with the NYPD, IBM released some of these capabilities in a 2013 product release. Later versions of IBM's software retained and expanded these bodily search capabilities. (IBM did not respond to a question about the current availability of its video analytics programs.)
IBM Used NYPD Surveillance Footage to Develop Technology That Lets Police Search by Skin Color [George Joseph and Kenneth Lipp/The Intercept]
