A group of UCLA researchers are designing antennas for next-generation wireless devices using fractals — "mathematical models of mountains, trees and coastlines". Future antennas must be smaller than ever, and they'll need to function at different frequencies at the same time. The researchers believe that mathematical principles behind these repetitive geometric forms could help solve that problem.
"Manufacturers of wireless equipment, and particularly those in the automotive industry, are interested in developing a single, compact antenna that can perform all the functions necessary to operate AM and FM radios, cellular communications and navigation systems," said [UCLA scientist] Yahya Rahmat-Samii.
Fractals, short for "fractional dimension," are mathematical models originally used to measure jagged contours such as coastlines. Like a mountain range whose profile appears equally craggy when observed from both far and near, fractals are used to define curves and surfaces, independent of their scale. Any portion of the curve, when enlarged, appears identical to the whole curve — a property known as "self-symmetry."
Because fractal designs are self-symmetrical (repeat themselves), they are effective in developing antennas that operate at several different frequencies. "One portion of the antenna can resonate at one frequency while another portion resonates at another frequency," Rahmat-Samii said.
